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 * Learning Objectives: Chapter 1

Meaning and Philosophy ** ** Examples **


 * __Group 1: Discuss the nature of contemporary physical education, exercise science, sport, and wellness and explain how it has evolved.__**

Physical education is an essential and integral part of the total education program and makes significant contributions toward the achievement of desirable education and health outcomes through the medium of physical activity. Quality physical education programs promote the physical growth and development of children and youth while contributing to their general health and well being. They are based on a planned sequence of experiences in a wide variety of activities beginning with basic movement skills and progressing toward more complex sport, dance, and other forms of movement. Ultimately, they should help young people keep physically fit and enjoy many forms of physical activity during the school years and continuing throughout life. http://www.dodea.edu/instruction/curriculum/physed/index.htm

Exercise science includes such subjects as biomechanics, exercise physiology, exercise psychology, cardiac rehabilitation, athletic training, and fitness for special population groups. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/tsd/acquisitions/cdm/subjects34.html

Wellness is an interactive process of becoming aware of and practicing healthy choices to create a more successful and balanced lifestyle http://condor.depaul.edu/~rec/pgmserv/wdw.htm

Sport is an activity involving physical exertion and skill that is governed by a set of rules or customs and often undertaken competitively. http://www.thepost.ohiou.edu/archives/archives3/apr01/041201/sport2.html

From cramped basements to spacious centers, the modern fitness facility has experienced quite a revolution during the past century. Health clubs are an established part of American culture. Even those who don't own a club membership are at least familiar with names like Gold's Gym and Bally Total Fitness. However, the pervasiveness of health clubs is a recent phenomenon. The rise of the modern American health clubs began in California in the 1940s, but their predecessors came from 19th century Europe. The mid-19th century witnessed the rise of Industrialism and an explosion of immigration into the cities. To combat the effects of sedentary deskwork, men began pursuing health and exercise. http://fitnessbusinesspro.com/forprofits/fitness_evolution_health_clubs/


 * Explain how the articles above fit in the topic. **
 * These articles discuss how fitness and physical activity have changed during recent times. - Shelton
 * They explain different aspects of how activities can be applied to different populations. - Shelton

The Truth About Our Physical Education History By [|Steve Bishop]

http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Truth-About-Our-Physical-Education-History&id=68556 Remember high school gym class? You played volleyball, ran a mile on the track, and ducked before being hit in the face during a vigorous game of dodge ball? Physical education has been part of the educational scene for nearly 200 years. It is vital that students participate in physical education to keep their mind and body in peak learning condition. Currently, the childhood obesity rate is dangerously climbing to epidemic levels. Therefore, the focus on physical education is more important then ever before. The question is how should physical education be conducted? First, take a look at physical education history. Physical education has evolved over the years. Physical education is defined as “instruction in the development and care of the body ranging from simple calisthenics exercises to a course of study providing training in hygiene, gymnastics, and the performance and management of athletic games (Merriam-Webster Dictionary).” This definition is broad because you can learn several topics ranging from the rules of basketball to sex education. It depends on the school policies of your state educational system. Physical education was officially recognized in the United States in the early 1800’s. Colleges and Universities began to offer physical education programs throughout the 1800’s. Finally, in 1866 California was the first to mandate physical education. Many states followed this mandate within the next 30 years. The importance of training the body as well as the mind became prevalent in the educational system. The 20th century brought varying levels of physical education to each state. Presidents such as Eisenhower and Kennedy promoted physical education and fitness. Children took the Presidential Fitness test each year to assess their physical fitness level. This arose from the need for U.S. students to be as physical fit as their European counterparts. Controversial issues have played an integral role in physical education history. For example, in 1972 Title IX banned sexual discrimination in schools regarding sports and academics. This allowed female athletes to actively participate in team sports other than cheerleading with the financial and emotional support of the school system. Another controversial issue is sexual education. It has been the subject of intense debate for many decades. Each state has specific guidelines about what will be taught and whether students can opt out of the sexual education program. Some states allow students to watch a video of a child being born while other states only discuss abstinence. The official employment of physical education programs has a 200 year history which has become home to controversial issues, social reform, and overall child well being. Physical education will continue to evolve as the needs of the student population changes, societal attitudes fluctuate, and the flow of educational funds towards physical education is maintained.
 * Discover more about our Physical Education History and related Education articles at [|http://www.officialeducation.com.] ||

**Explain how the articles above fit in the topic.**
 * This information give a brief history about how physical education is taught in the US. _ Shelton
 * It covers many different topics and gives a website for more information. - Shelton